Gastroenterology Test and Flashcards

Caroli disease

Caroli disease is a rare inherited disorder characterized by dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Hydrogen potassium ATPase

Gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase, also known as H+/K+ ATPase, is an enzyme which functions to acidify the stomach.

Chilaiditi syndrome

Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition when pain occurs due to transposition of a loop of large intestine (usually transverse colon) in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray.

Bezoar

A bezoar /ˈbiːzɔər/ is a mass found trapped in the gastrointestinal system, though it can occur in other locations.

Dolichocolon

In medicine, a dolichocolon (word derived from ancient Greek dolichos, the long distance in running, and colon) is an abnormally long large intestine.

Constipation

Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.

Familial Mediterranean fever

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), also known as Armenian disease, is a hereditary inflammatory disorder.

Lactulose

Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.

Marasmus

Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.

Polyp (medicine)

A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane.

Mesalazine

Mesalazine (INN, BAN), also known as mesalamine (USAN) or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is an aminosalicylate anti-inflammatory drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, inflamed anus or rectum, and to maintain remission in Crohn's disease.

Stoma (medicine)

In anatomy, a natural stoma is any opening in the body, such as the mouth.

Foreign body

A foreign body or sometimes known as FB (Latin: corpus alienum) is any object originating outside the body.

Megacolon

Megacolon is an abnormal dilation of the colon (also called the large intestine).

Sentinel loop

A sentinel loop is a sign seen on a radiograph that indicates localized ileus from nearby inflammation.

Enema

Enema (plural enemata or enemas) or clyster, is a fluid injected into the lower bowel by way of the rectum.

Laxative

Laxatives (purgatives, aperients) are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements.

Paneth cell

Paneth cells, along with goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells, represent the principal cell types of the epithelium of the small intestine.

Alagille syndrome

Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects the liver, heart, kidney, and other systems of the body.

Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology (MeSH heading) is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders.

Proton-pump inhibitor

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production.

Whipple's disease

Whipple's disease is a rare, systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei.

Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma as a result of liver failure.

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones.

Rotaviral enteritis

Rotavirus enteritis is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and young children.

Achlorhydria

Achlorhydria /eɪklɔərˈhaɪdriə/ or hypochlorhydria refers to states where the production of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions of the stomach and other digestive organs is absent or low, respectively.

Esophageal atresia

Esophageal atresia (or Oesophageal atresia) is a congenital medical condition (birth defect) which affects the alimentary tract.

Anal plug

An anal plug is a medical device sometimes used to treat fecal incontinence by blocking involuntary loss of fecal material.

Misoprostol

Misoprostol, sold under the brandname Cytotec among others, is a medication used to start labor, cause an abortion, prevent and treat stomach ulcers, and treat postpartum bleeding due to poor contraction of the uterus.

SeHCAT

SeHCAT (23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid, selenium homocholic acid taurine, or tauroselcholic acid) is a drug used in a clinical test to diagnose bile acid malabsorption.

Rotavirus vaccine

Rotavirus vaccine is a vaccine used to protect against rotavirus infections.

Olsalazine

Olsalazine is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis.

Pancreatic elastase

Pancreatic elastase is a form of elastase that is produced in the acinar cells of the pancreas, initially produced as an inactive zymogen and later activated in the duodenum by trypsin.

Fecal impaction

A fecal impaction is a solid, immobile bulk of human feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation.

Pseudopolyps

Pseudopolyps are projecting masses of scar tissue that develop from granulation tissue during the healing phase in repeated cycle of ulceration (especially in inflammatory bowel disease).

Balsalazide

Balsalazide is an anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Surgical management of fecal incontinence

In fecal incontinence (FI), surgery may be carried out if conservative measures alone are not sufficient to control symptoms.

Карточки: Gastroenterology